Based on daily precipitation data from 44 national meteorological stations and flood disaster and national economic data of each county in the southern Xinjiang, the spatial and temporal characteristics and influence of heavy rainfall and flood disaster in the southern Xinjiang were analyzed. The results show that the heavy rainfall days increased slowly in recent 10 years, with the highest number in 2010. The occurrence frequency of heavy rainfall was higher in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture and the mountainous areas, and lower in the edge of the Tarim Basin. The disaster of rainstorm and flood happened 402 times in the southern Xinjiang during 2010-2019, and mainly occurred in middle to late June. The highest frequency of heavy rain and flood disaster (106 times) occurred in Kashgar, accounting for 26.4% of the total, the lowest frequency occurred in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, with only 40 times, accounting for 10.0%. The impact of heavy rainfall was different in different areas in the southern Xinjiang. The affected population, the affected area of crops, the direct economic loss and the agricultural economic loss were the most in Aksu. The agricultural economic loss accounted for 78.9% in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture.The agricultural economic loss was the least in Hotan.